Polish Dual Citizenship: Military Service, Tax and Passports

Securing Polish citizenship is rarely the end of the story. Once the certificate is issued and the passport collected, a practical question follows: what does holding two nationalities actually mean day to day? Military obligations, taxation, which passport to show at which border — these are the areas where rumour travels faster than the statute. […]

Removing an Estate Administrator in Israel: Grounds, Procedure and Personal Liability

An estate administrator who files no accounts, lets an apartment fall into disrepair, pays one heir ahead of the others or negotiates a sale without authorisation can freeze an estate for years. Israeli succession law does not leave the beneficiaries powerless: the court can supervise, and ultimately remove, a failing estate administrator (מנהל עיזבון), and […]

Polish Citizenship Confirmed: The Three Steps Left Before the Passport

For most applicants, the decision of the Mazovian Voivode confirming possession of Polish citizenship (potwierdzenie posiadania obywatelstwa polskiego) feels like the finish line. It is not. The decision recognises a right; it produces no Polish civil-status record, no administrative identifier and no passport. Three further steps stand between that decision and an EU passport in […]

VAT on Israeli Property: Why Reclaiming It at Purchase Can Cost You at Resale

An investor buys a building in Israel, reclaims the VAT paid on the purchase, then changes course: instead of a quick resale, the property is let for years. When it is finally sold, the VAT bill can be far larger than anything the investor had planned for. A Tel Aviv District Court judgment delivered in […]